DMD is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. Since males have only one X chromosome, a mutation in the gene responsible for DMD is sufficient to cause the condition.4
Females have two X chromosomes, so a mutation would have to occur in both copies of the gene responsible for DMD to cause the disorder.4
In X-linked recessive inheritance, a female with one mutated copy of the gene can pass it on to her children. Every son and daughter of a female carrier has a 50% chance of inheriting the faulty gene. Sons who inherit the faulty gene will have DMD, while daughters will be carriers.4
DID YOU KNOW: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern4
Muscle weakness3-5
Cardiomyopathy3,4
Central nervous system manifestations4
Adapted from references 3-5
The 2018 Duchenne Care Considerations recommend performing cardiac assessment in all female carriers in early adulthood every 3–5 years.3 This should consist of an electrocardiogram and non-invasive imaging. Assessments should be more frequent in those who are symptomatic or imaging-positive.3
Diagnosis of DMD in children takes an average of 2 years from parental concern. Therefore, carrier women may have more children without realising that they carry a DMD mutation.6-8
Carriers may be at risk of Duchenne muscular dystrophy symptoms.3 Learn about the importance of carrier screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy here.
(excluding UK and Ireland)
I am a Healthcare Professional
Not a healthcare professional but want to know more? Visit Duchenne and You for more information on signs and symptoms of Duchenne, diagnosis and support following a Duchenne diagnosis
Please ensure all questions are answered before submitting
When providing your feedback, no personal information will be collected, linked or shared with other parties, websites or social media platforms.
Thank you for submitting your response!
In addition to cookies that are necessary to operate this website, we use optional cookies to provide website functionality and give you the best possible experience. We won't set optional cookies unless you enable them. For more detailed information see our Cookie Statement , which explains among others, how to set your cookie preferences and how to recall your consent.